Israel Resource Review |
6th October, 1998 |
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Special Israel Resource Review Guest Feature
Iraq News Update
1st October, 1998
by Laurie Mylroie
I. | B. Gilman Introduces Bill to Support Opposition to Saddam, 29th September |
II. | Robert Kagan, "A Way to Oust Saddam," Weekly Standard, 28th September |
III. | Iraqi Work Toward A-Bomb, Washington Post, 30th September |
IV. | Israeli Tips Aided UNSCOM, Washington Post, 29th September |
V. | Scott Ritter Interview, Haaretz, 29th September |
VI. | Outgoing Aid Co-ordinator Blasts Sanctions, BBC, 30th September |
This is the 57th day without weapons inspections in Iraq.
The Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Terrrorism, Technology and
Government Information will hold a hearing on the question of the six
Iraqi opposition members, evacuated by the US Gov't after Saddam's Aug
96 assault on Irbil, and presently detained in California. The hearing
will be Oct 5, 2:00 PM, Dirksen Bldg, Room 226.
The NYT, today, reported that Foreign Minister, Mohammed al-Sahaf,
took a hard line in his speech yesterday to the UNGA. He denounced
UNSCOM and said Iraq had complied with UNSCR 687. He also said
sanctions were "tantamount to internationally proscribed acts of
genocide." He also seemed to assume Iraq could have the "comprehensive
review," provided for in UNSCR 1194, before allowing weapons inspections
to resume.
USIS, yesterday, in "Iraq Liberation Bill Introduced into Congress,"
reported on the "bipartisan support shown for [the] removal of Saddam
Hussein." Rep. Benjamin Gilman [R, NY], introducing the "Iraq
Liberation Act of 1998" [HR 4655], Sept 29, explained that "the purpose
of this legislation is to finally and irrevocably commit the United
States to the removal from power of the regime headed by Saddam Hussein.
. . . If this man remains in power, Iraq will remain a clear and present
danger to the United States and our allies. We heard as much from the
Chief UN weapons inspector, Scott Ritter, and we have heard as much from
the Administration."
Robert Kagan, in The Weekly Standard, Sept 28, underscored the Iraqi
threat, as detailed by Ritter and suggested by the long break in weapons
inspections. "The Clinton administration clearly has no idea how to
handle this imminent and devastating threat to American interests. . . .
The unstated but de facto policy of the administration is now this
slender hope: if and when Saddam builds his weapons of mass destruction,
the United States will still be able to deter him from aggression
against his neighbors. This must be comforting to the folks in
Jerusalem, Riyadh, and Kuwait City, as well as to anyone else who cares
about American credibility and Middle East peace. It has long been
clear that the only way to rid the world of Saddam's weapons of mass
destruction is to rid Iraq of Saddam. Last week, Paul Wolfowitz, a
defense official in the Bush administration, laid out in testimony
before Congress a thoughtful and coherent strategy to accomplish that
goal. The Wolfowitz plan calls for the establishment of a 'liberated
zone' in southern Iraq . . . The zone would be a safe haven for the
opponents of Saddam's regime. They could rally and organize, establish
a provisional government there, gain international recognition, and set
up a credible alternative to Saddam's dictatorship . . . . Arab officials
have told Wolfowitz that the effect on Saddam's regime would be
'devastating.' Wolfowitz predicts that the creation of such a zone
would lead to the 'unraveling of the regime.'" [see "Iraq News," Sept 17
for Wolfowitz' testimony]. Kagan stressed that the US should be
prepared to back up the Iraqi opponents of Saddam with its own force.
The extremity of the Saddam menace was highlighted by yesterday's
Wash Post report on Iraq's nuclear program. In 1996 and 1997, UNSCOM
told US officials that it had credible intelligence indicating that Iraq
had built and retained several implosion devices that lacked only
enriched uranium cores to make 20-kiloton nuclear weapons.
David Steinmann, who just finished four years as president of JINSA
[Jewish Institute for Nat'l Security Affairs] and now serves as Chairman
of JINSA's Board of Advisers, commenting on the story, noted "the now
recognizable reaction of the Clinton Administration: 1) we didn't get
the information; 2) OK, we got it, but it's not so credible; 3) OK, it
may be credible, so 4) let's investigate and smear the source of the
information (Scott Ritter) instead of investigating the validity of the
information and the danger it poses to the US and Iraq's neighbors (this
last point isn't mentioned in this article but has been in previous
pieces by the same journalist)."
Indeed, while the information about Iraq's nuclear program is new in
its detail, it has long been known in its generality. It came to light
as a result of Hussein Kamil's Aug 95 defection and was first reported
by Paul Leventhal and Edwin Lyman, Nov 2, 1995 in the IHT, "Who Says
Iraq Isn't Making a Bomb." Also, Mike Eisenstadt, of The Washington
Institute, which sporadically reports on the Iraq threat, wrote "Still
Not Bomb-Proof," in the Wash Post, Feb 26 96.
And in Dec 95, a month after the assassination of Itzhak Rabin,
Israeli Prime Minister, Shimon Peres, and Foreign Minister, Ehud Barak,
visited Washington. Both raised the danger of an Iraqi nuclear
breakthrough, but Barak did so in exceptionally strong terms.
Evidently, they were rebuffed by the Clinton administration. Still, a
key question is why no Israeli official spoke out subsequently. That is
especially puzzling, given the Wash Post, Sept 29, and Haaretz, Sept 29,
reporting on the close relations that developed between Israel and
UNSCOM from Jul 95 onwards, which presumably kept at least some Israelis
aware of the Saddam menace and the US failure to address it.
Finally, another attack on the administration's Iraq policy came from
a quite different direction. Dennis Halliday recently resigned his
position as co-ordinator for UN aid in Iraq. As the BBC reported
yesterday, Halliday denounced sanctions as "a totally bankrupt concept."
He explained that sanctions caused Iraqis to die, while they eroded the
fabric of society, contributing to divorce, prostitution, and crime.
When the Bush administration announced, in May 91, that it would not
agree to lift sanctions while Saddam remained in power, it did so in the
context of a policy aiming to overthrow Saddam. That is the policy that
Congress is seeking to restore. Sanctions were not intended to remain in
place the rest of Saddam's natural life. It was only the Clinton
administration, looking to its own convenience, which came up with the
idea. But the policy is cruel, as well as ineffectual, and the two
together are a particularly dangerous combination.
I. Benjamin Gilman Introduces Bill to Support Opposition to Saddam
News from the House International Relations Committee
Benjamin A. Gilman, Chairman
Sept 29, 1998; Jerry Lipson, Communications Director (202) 225-5021.
Gilman Introduces Bill to Support Democratic Opposition against Saddam
Hussein
WASHINGTON - International Relations Committee Chairman Benjamin A.
Gilman (20th-NY) has introduced legislation providing support for a
democratic opposition to replace Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.
Gilman's bill, the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (HR 4655), calls on
the President to designate groups that are committed to a democratic
Iraq and authorizes up to $97 million in military assistance and $2
million for opposition broadcasting operations inside Iraq. Following
is Gilman's statement that accompanied introduction of his bill:
"As the title suggests, the purpose of this legislation is to finally
and irrevocably commit the United States to the removal from power of
the regime headed by Saddam Hussein.
"For almost eight years now, since the end of Operation Desert Storm,
we waited for Saddam Hussein's regime to live up to its international
obligations: to dismantle its weapons of mass destruction under
international inspections, to stop threatening Iraq's neighbors, and
stop menacing Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'ite minorities.
"After dozens of U.N. Security Council resolutions, and compromise
after compromise, we have too little to show. Our patience was
misinterpreted by Saddam Hussein as weakness. Regrettably, America's
friends in the Middle East believe our policy lacked seriousness. The
time has come to let Saddam know-to let the whole world know-that the
United States will not tolerate this regime's continued grip on power.
"We must abandon the fiction that there can be peace and security in
the Persian Gulf region with Saddam Hussein's regime still in power.
Simply put, Saddam must go. This is not a simple task. Even when the
international community was unified and the United States was energized,
solutions were few and far between.
"Some suggest that our nation should go to war and rid the Persian
Gulf of the threat posed by Saddam. We may yet be compelled to do so,
but before we put American lives at risk in that far away land, we have
a duty to explore the alternatives. One alternative is to assist
freedom-loving Iraqis.
"Consider the people of Iraq who have no say in their future.
Because of Saddam Hussein, they tolerated years of deprivation. At the
hands of this man and his Republican Guards, tens of thousands of people
were massacred. The people of Iraq are sick and tired of suffering; they
have been willing to take up arms against Saddam Hussein, and they are
willing to do so again.
"The Iraq Liberation Act is not a complete recipe for Saddam's
removal, but it contains some key ingredients. This bill calls on the
president to designate a group or groups committed to a democratic Iraq.
For the designated group or groups, it authorizes the President to
provide up to $97 million in military assistance, to be drawn down from
the stocks of the Department of Defense. In addition, it authorizes the
provision of $2 million for opposition radio and television broadcasting
inside Iraq
"These authorities, combined with other actions Congress already has
taken, will contribute to a comprehensive policy of promoting democracy
in Iraq. Earlier this year, the Congress appropriated $10 million to
support pro-democracy groups, assist their organization, found Radio
Free Iraq under the aegis of Radio Free Europe, and build a war-crimes
case against Saddam Hussein. A further $10 million is contained in the
Senate version of the Foreign Operations Appropriations bill that will
soon go to conference.
"The Iraq Liberation Act marks an important step forward in our fight
against Saddam Hussein. We must not fool ourselves: The man is the
problem. If this man remains in power, Iraq will remain a clear and
present danger to the United States and our allies. We heard as much
from the Chief U.N. weapons inspector, Scott Ritter, and we have heard
as much from the Administration.
"This bill will not tie the President's hands. It does not mandate the
actual delivery of military assistance. The only requirement it contains
is that the President designate a group or groups as eligible to receive
the assistance we are authorizing. I would hope, however, that the
President will use the authority we are offering him begin to help the
people of Iraq liberate themselves."
II. A Way to Oust Saddam
The Weekly Standard
September 28, 1998
A Way To Oust Saddam
By Robert Kagan (Robert Kagan is a contributing editor)
SEVEN MONTHS AFTER the Clinton administration backed down from its
confrontation with Saddam Hussein, the disastrous consequences of that
retreat are on full display. Whether or not Saddam makes good on his
threat to throw out the U.N. weapons inspectors, he has now enjoyed
almost two months without U.N. inspections. What does the
administration believe he's been doing with all the free time?
Former weapons inspector Scott Ritter has been warning Congress that
the day is not far off--maybe a matter of a few months--when Saddam will
suddenly present the United States and the world with a horrifying fait
accompli: He will have his weapons of mass destruction and the missiles
to deliver them. If that day comes, no sanctions, no threat of
sanctions, no angry U.N. resolutions, and no threat of "force" will be
of any use. Saddam's new weapons would dramatically shift the strategic
balance in the Middle East, putting at severe risk the safety of Israel,
of moderate Arab states, and of the energy resources on which the United
States and its allies depend.
The Clinton administration clearly has no idea how to handle this
imminent and devastating threat to American interests. Clinton
officials want Americans to believe that winning votes in the U.N.
Security Council constitutes a policy for dealing with the Saddam
menace. They dismiss Scott Ritter as "clueless."
But this Clintonian charade is a mammoth deception that will cause
real damage in the world. The unstated but de facto policy of the
administration is now this slender hope: If and when Saddam builds his
weapons of mass destruction, the United States will still be able to
deter him from aggression against his neighbors. This must be mighty
comforting to the folks in Jerusalem, Riyadh, and Kuwait City, as well
as to anyone else who cares about American credibility and Middle East
peace.
It has long been clear that the only way to rid the world of Saddam's
weapons of mass destruction is to rid Iraq of Saddam. Last week, Paul
Wolfowitz, a defense official in the Bush administration, laid out in
testimony before Congress a thoughtful and coherent strategy to
accomplish that goal.
The Wolfowitz plan calls for the establishment of a "liberated zone"
in southern Iraq much like the zone the Bush administration created in
the north of the country in 1991. The zone would be a safe haven for
opponents of Saddam's regime. They could rally and organize, establish
a provisional government there, gain international recognition, and set
up a credible alternative to Saddam's dictatorship. Control of the
southern zone would give Saddam's opponents a staging area to which
discontented Iraqi army units could defect, as well as access to the
country's largest oil field. Arab officials have told Wolfowitz that
the effect on Saddam's regime would be "devastating." Wolfowitz predicts
that the creation of such a zone would lead to "the unraveling of the
regime."
Unlike some of the ideas circulating on Capitol Hill, which suppose
that Saddam will be toppled without any military action, the Wolfowitz
plan rests on a guarantee of military support to protect the opposition
within the liberated zone. If, as would be likely, Saddam sent his
tanks to wipe out this new threat to his regime, the United States would
have to be ready to defend the Iraqi opposition with overwhelming force.
The United States could not again stand by while an uprising was crushed
by Saddam.
Some on the Hill have been looking for an easy way out of the Iraq
crisis, hoping that a few million dollars for the Iraqi opposition will
by itself take care of the problem. But any serious effort to oust
Saddam must also be backed by U.S. military might.
Republicans and Democrats on the Hill should advance the Wolfowitz
plan in two ways. They should continue pressing the administration to
support the Iraqi opposition--with money, weapons, and political
recognition. And they should now pass a resolution authorizing the
president to use force against Iraq as part of a strategy of removing
Saddam from power.
The administration has proven itself incapable of carrying out a
credible policy against Saddam. There is a real alternative to the
present charade. Congress ought to let Americans know that.
III. Iraqi Work Toward A-Bomb
Iraqi Work Toward A-Bomb Reported
U.S. Was Told of 'Implosion Devices'
By Barton Gellman
Wednesday, September 30, 1998; Page A01
United Nations arms inspectors reported twice to the United States,
in 1996 and 1997, that they had credible intelligence indicating that
Iraq built and has maintained three or four "implosion devices" that
lack only cores of enriched uranium to make 20-kiloton nuclear weapons,
according to U.S. government and U.N. sources.
American intelligence assessments, U.S. officials said yesterday,
concur on the credibility of the reports but have not fully corroborated
them. If Iraq has in fact managed to manufacture such devices--in
essence, the shells of nuclear weapons without the atomic cores--it is
substantially closer than previously known to joining the world's
nuclear powers.
There is no known evidence that the Baghdad government has acquired
plutonium or highly enriched uranium, without which its weapons design
cannot be completed. Many experts, including those in the U.S.
government, regard the nuclear supply problem as a higher hurdle for
aspiring weapons builders than fabrication of the shell of precision-
shaped conventional charges that would be used to detonate the fissile
material.
But the existence of weapons shells would be a milestone for Iraq and
raise new questions about the policies and public assessments of the
Clinton administration and the International Atomic Energy Agency, which
is responsible for investigating any evidence that Iraq is violating a
ban on its nuclear weapons program. Since 1996, the Vienna-based panel
has reported regularly to the U.N. Security Council that it has found
"no indication of prohibited equipment, materials or activities."
A cache of undiscovered implosion devices would also illuminate the
stakes involved in Iraq's refusal since Aug. 3 to permit U.N. inspectors
to mount new searches for banned materials. U.S. officials acknowledged
that there is little prospect of discovering and destroying such devices
without the active program of surprise inspections that has now been
terminated.
Reports of the implosion devices were first aired publicly by Scott
Ritter, a former Marine who has been critical of U.S. government policy
since he resigned from the U.N. Special Commission, or UNSCOM, in
August. After Ritter testified about the devices to Senate and House
committees on Sept. 4 and Sept. 15, senior U.S. policy-makers said the
government had never received such a report from UNSCOM and did not
regard the claims as credible.
Both those assertions are contradicted by evidence emerging this
week. In interviews and in documents made available to The Washington
Post, U.S. government and United Nations sources confirmed that Ritter
passed the intelligence orally to the Central Intelligence Agency's
Nonproliferation Center in 1996 and in writing in May 1997 to an
interagency group supporting the weapons inspectors.
Some senior administration officials disputed yesterday that there is
any reason to regard the UNSCOM intelligence as credible. But those U.S.
officials most responsible for assessing the reports said in interviews
that they believed the findings are plausible.
"It is credible that they [Iraqi designers] have all the parts to put
together," one of the officials said yesterday. "Do I think there might
be parts out there that could provide the basis to put together several
weapons? Yeah."
Ritter's original information, according to accounts he gave the U.S.
government, was compiled from three Iraqi defectors. Ritter later told
the IAEA, according to other sourc es, that the defector information
came to UNSCOM by way of a "northern European" country.
It was not clear from the defectors, sources said, whether the
devices would meet Iraq's design goal of fitting inside the 88-
centimeter (roughly 34-inch) warhead of a Scud missile. At 20 kilotons,
the expected yield of the devices would be greater than that of the
first atomic bomb, a 13-kiloton device dropped by the United States on
Hiroshima in 1945.
The defectors' credibility was enhanced by their detailed
descriptions of the methods used by Iraq's Special Security Organization
to hide the weapons components, and because their story matched
intelligence known only to a handful of Westerners at the time, sources
said. Details included the use of a fleet of Mercedes trucks to shuttle
the weapons among hiding places. The trucks had distinctive markings:
White cabins with red stripes, a red diesel tank and wheel rims, and
Ministry of Trade license plates numbered between 30,000 and 87,000.
Ritter said one defector sketched a map by hand depicting seven
depots for those trucks. A subsequent review of surveillance imagery
obtained by U-2 spy planes found five of them.
Further bolstering UNSCOM's confidence in one of the defectors,
Ritter said, was his identification of a concealment operations center
in the Al Fao Building on Palestine Street in Baghdad. Inspectors later
confirmed in a no-notice inspection in March 1996 that Iraq used the
center to control several locations for concealing materials, Ritter
said, but "the Iraqis had evacuated it in early January."
About a year after the first report, UNSCOM summarized it in a
briefing paper for a conference on Iraq held in Washington on May 19 and
20, 1997, with the U.S. and British governments, sources said. "It is
assessed that Iraq has retained critical components relating to the most
recent weapons design, which has not to date been turned over to the
IAEA," UNSCOM wrote in the briefing paper, which was classified upon
receipt by the U.S. government. "These components may comprise several
complete weapons minus the HEU [highly enriched uranium] core."
The briefing paper also noted UNSCOM's assessment that Iraq is hiding
"undeclared feedstocks of UF6," or uranium hexafluoride, a precursor to
enriched uranium. The commission suspects, according to the memo, that
Iraq maintains a secret enrichment capacity and secret machine tools to
shape components of a bomb.
An American official familiar with that written account said the May
1997 report did not raise fresh alarms about Iraq's nuclear program
because its central emphasis was on Iraq's deception program, not the
substance of what was being hidden.
"The thrust of this report was on concealment, so when he put
[nuclear weapons assessments] in it wasn't, 'Attention: They have this,'
"the official said. "It was one sentence."
Senior administration officials also argued this week that the report
is not significant even if true. "The hardest part of getting a nuclear
weapon is the fissile material," said one official. "Not that the
science is easy, not that the problems of arming and fusing are easy,
but they are easier than the problem of getting the fissile material and
putting it together in the right way."
Independent analysts, while agreeing on the central importance of a
plutonium or enriched uranium supply, said the existence of working
implosion devices would mean that it could take only days or weeks for
Iraq to build working weapons if it managed to buy enriched uranium from
a rogue supplier.
"It's a question of how much reaction time you have," said Paul
Leventhal, president of the Nuclear Control Institute, a policy lobby.
He added that the essential questions now are, "Could Iraq obtain
[enriched uranium] on the black market, and could they already have
obtained it?"
The existence of implosion devices in Iraq would revise the
conclusions of recent reports by the IAEA, which is an uneasy
collaborator with UNSCOM. Last October, the IAEA reported that active
inspections were nearing the point of "diminishing returns," a finding
that led Russia, France and China to suggest closing the Security
Council's "nuclear file" on Iraq, in effect certifying that Baghdad had
no capacity to build an atomic bomb.
In a confidential response to Ritter's report this month, sources
said Gary Dillon, chief of the IAEA Action Team on Iraq, described it as
"unsubstantiated" and said it has "no credibility." Dillon did not
respond to several telephone messages requesting an interview.
Ritter rebutted that description in an interview. "I was never
authorized by the executive chairman to tell [Dillon] the full extent of
the information we had," he said.
UNSCOM spokesman Ewen Buchanan said he would not discuss the
substance of the case. Previously, the IAEA has acknowledged gaps in its
information about Iraq. In a confidential report on Aug. 19, 1997, the
Action Team wrote that it could not verify how much the Baghdad
government had accomplished in its efforts to devise a working nuclear
weapons design. After the 1995 defection of Lt. Gen. Hussein Kamel, for
example, Iraq had turned over technical drawings on the use of
precision-shaped charges known as "explosive lenses," interlocking
hexagonal blocks of explosives, designed to detonate inward and crush
enriched uranium to a critically dense mass.
The IAEA could not assess the final progress on the weapons design,
the Action Team wrote, because "the chart clearly illustrates several
drawings are missing." Iraq, the IAEA wrote, at first denied it had
built molds for manufacture of explosive lenses, then admitted it had
but said it "can't find" the molds. Similarly, it first denied ever
casting an explosive lens, then admitted it "had cast one 120mm
cylindrical charge and it was tested for 'velocity and pressure,'" the
report said.
The United States has underestimated Iraq's nuclear weapons program in
the past. In 1991, at the start of the Persian Gulf War, the consensus
intelligence estimate was that Iraq was 10 years from a working weapon.
A senior official who took part in that estimate said the U.S.
government was unaware of Iraq's effort to enrich uranium using
electromagnetic devices called calutrons, and did not know of the
existence of the principal Iraqi weapons design center at Al Atheer.
"There were a lot of holes," the former official said. "We were not
aware of that facility, and it survived the bombing."
IV. Israeli Tips Aided UNSCOM
For more than four years, United Nations arms inspectors have obtained many of their best leads on forbidden Iraqi weapons through a secretive and diplomatically risky channel from the Israeli government, according to knowledgeable sources in the United States, Israel and the United Nations.
After a wary start born of Israel's long isolation at the world body, Israel began providing the U.N. Special Commission with increasingly detailed and sensitive intelligence on its Arab adversary, which launched 40 Scud missiles at Haifa and Tel Aviv during the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Among its most important contributions, from the U.N. panel's point of view, were significant leads on the existence of a biological weapons program and the first concrete evidence that Iraq had a systematic campaign of deception to conceal weapons programs it was legally obliged to declare and dismantle.
The two-way exchange of information, which included meetings with the director and deputy director of Israeli military intelligence, eventually involved Israeli analysis of aerial photography taken by American U-2 surveillance planes, provision of raw reports from defectors and other human sources, and Israeli processing of other forms of information obtained by the special commission, known as UNSCOM.
According to three officials with direct knowledge of the relationship, Israel had become by July 1995 the most important single contributor among the dozens of U.N. member states that have supplied information to UNSCOM since its creation in April 1991. The United States, by all accounts, remained a major supplier of information, as well as UNSCOM's most important material and political backer. But the arrival of fresh Israeli intelligence after most U.S. tips were exploited made for what one official called "this great big candy store of nice goodies."
There is no evidence that Israel directed UNSCOM's activity in any way, or that the U.N. panel gave information improperly or for Israel's national benefit. But Israel and UNSCOM have protected the operation among their most sensitive secrets, fearing that Iraq would use it to feed propaganda attacks that already featured accusations of a Zionist conspiracy behind the commission's work.
Even without evidence, those charges have resonated among intellectuals and in the government-controlled media in much of the Arab world, including pro-Western Persian Gulf states on which the American-backed U.N. panel has relied for practical and diplomatic support.
Ewen Buchanan, the spokesman for UNSCOM, said yesterday that the U.N. Security Council resolutions demanding Iraq's disarmament call upon all member states to assist the panel "in discharging its mandate," and more than 40 countries have "helped us in the form of experts, information, equipment, finance and in-kind help like laboratory analysis or helicopters."
"As a general principle," he added, "we will not confirm or deny our dealings with particular states."
Israel's U.N. ambassador, Dore Gold, consulted with superiors when asked about the cooperation. When he telephoned back, he said he could say only that "I cannot give any official Israeli response."
Those willing to speak about the relationship, from UNSCOM's point of view, said the commission had no choice but to seek assistance from foreign intelligence agencies once the extent of Iraq's concealment efforts became clear. Israel had the means and motive to assist the disarmament panel, they said, but other adversaries of Iraq -- including Iran and some neighboring Arab states -- did so as well.
"I think it's perfectly valid we had contact with the Israelis," said Tim Trevan, a Briton who until 1995 was political adviser to Rolf Ekeus, UNSCOM's executive chairman until last year. "There's nothing to be ashamed about with that contact."
Trevan, according to other sources, made the first chance link between the commission and the Jewish state. Ekeus had dispatched him to a January 1994 academic conference on disarmament in Delphi, Greece. There he sat in the audience as David Ivri, then director general of Israel's Defense Ministry, made disparaging comments about UNSCOM and hinted it was not finding all of Iraq's hidden weapon programs.
After Trevan stood up to criticize Ivri -- arguing that Israel should "put up or shut up," as one participant recalled -- another Israeli pulled him aside and introduced him to Brig. Gen. Yakov Amidror, who was then deputy director of Israel's Military Intelligence organization, known by its Hebrew acronym as Aman. Three months later, in April 1994, Amidror flew secretly to New York for a meeting with Ekeus, said sources with firsthand knowledge.
Scott Ritter, the U.N. inspector who resigned in protest last month, was a central conduit in the unfolding relationship, by his own account and those of others familiar with the details. Other UNSCOM staff members who traveled to the Aman headquarters in Tel Aviv's Kirya complex included Frenchman Didier Louis, German Norbert Reinecke and Russian Nikita Smidovich.
The Clinton administration, which was aware of the relationship in detail, generally supported Israel's aid to UNSCOM, but worried about the political difficulties that might be caused by public disclosure. Even so, the first public hint of the relationship came in a leak from the U.S. government aimed at discrediting Ritter, disclosing that he was under FBI investigation for his intelligence contacts with Israel.
Sources said that investigation remains open, and the FBI declined to comment. Current and former U.S. government officials at the policymaking level and current and former UNSCOM officials said, without dissent, that Ritter's exchange of information with Israel was approved by his superiors at the commission and, in principle, by the United States.
But some of those officials said there were concerns about Ritter's links with Israel that fell short of criminal suspicion. Ritter on several occasions brought canisters of U-2 film for processing in Israel, and from time to time allowed Israeli technicians to make copies, sources said.
There is apparently an unresolved legal question about the ownership of that U-2 imagery, which is normally classified secret in the United States. Washington had lent the aircraft and its product to UNSCOM. The imagery was stamped with the notation, "REL UNSCOM/IAEA ONLY," meaning that it could be released to the special commission and to the International Atomic Energy Agency. U.S. government sources said the CIA's general counsel wrote to the Justice Department, in the context of the Ritter investigation, that the release to UNSCOM was legally equivalent to declassification for purposes of U.S. espionage law.
Four independent sources with firsthand knowledge said that Ritter and his colleagues worked with the explicit consent of Ekeus, the Swedish diplomat who was UNSCOM's first executive chairman, and of Richard Butler, Ekeus's Australian successor. The U.N. panel was aware that Israel -- like other cooperating nations, not least the United States -- derived valuable military information from the relationship, but UNSCOM insisted it would provide only such information to Israel as would enable Israeli analysts to assist UNSCOM.
UNSCOM gave Israel U-2 photographs, for example, so that Israel could apply its own intelligence databases to the structures depicted, allowing the U.N. panel to combine information from many sources for a fuller picture. Those familiar with the relationship insist that UNSCOM never "traded" information in return for Israeli help. Still, the relationship eventually raised alarms among some in the U.S. government. Israel received so much American-shot imagery of Iraqi strategic facilities from UNSCOM, officials said, that the United States worried it could be held responsible in part if Israel used the pictures to select targets or flight routes for a strike on Iraq's nonconventional weapons.
There was no doubt that Israel had strong incentives. In 1981, as a French-built nuclear reactor neared completion, Israeli warplanes launched a preemptive strike to destroy the facility at Osirak. Nine years later, a few months before invading Kuwait, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein threatened publicly to "burn half of Israel" in what was taken to be a reference to chemical weapons.
Asked whether his cooperation with Israel validated long-standing Iraqi charges that he was an agent of Israeli intelligence, Ritter said he was not "America's spy or Israel's spy or anyone else's spy," but an inspector working on explicit authority of his superiors.
"That's a diversion," Ritter said. "It's typical Iraqi tactics. The commission wouldn't have had to undertake these extraordinary measures if Iraq had been forthcoming."
The commission went to Israel, he said, because it was not getting as much help as it wanted from Washington and London on the most sensitive forms of information-gathering and was looking for another source "with an open mind, with a proven track record of success."
In September 1994, Israel gave UNSCOM its first major contribution -- a detailed allegation that the Special Security Organization, run by Saddam Hussein's younger son Qusay, was organizing the deception and concealment operation. The tip included physical descriptions of trucks and depots used to move forbidden materials and documents around the country, sources said.
Later, Israeli information helped provide what sources described as a key to unlocking a biological weapons program Iraq had long denied: Israel passed along the tip that Oxoid, a company in Basingstoke, England, had sold Iraq 40 tons of a biological growth medium that the Baghdad government could not account for.
In October and December 1994, Ritter led delegations to Tel Aviv for a meeting with Maj. Gen. Uri Saguy, then the chief of Israeli military intelligence, and panels of analysts from other Israeli agencies.
Thereafter, Saguy dispatched analysts on a regular basis to New York for meetings with Ritter and his colleagues in hotel basements and out-of-the-way bars. Sometimes Amidror, Saguy's deputy, traveled personally.
V. Scott Ritter Interview
The jeep was already sitting waiting on the dune. Standing next to the jeep was a man, well equiped for the afternoon heat and the humidity, with a bottle of water and a walkie-talkie. Every few minutes, he raised his eyes skyward to look out for inspectors.It wasn't easy for the jeep to escape the prying eyes of the inspector in the light plane above. The inspector, waiting for developments, ordered the pilot to double back and fly over the spot again.
The scenario was predictable. A jeep arrives at the sand dunes near Yavne and waits, on a look-out for inspectors, police, or any other official who is likely to frustrate his assignment - stealing sand.
As soon as the driver gives the all-clear on his mobile telephone, a caravan of trucks will pull up, and a tractor will load as much sand as possible, as quickly as possible. This series of events will be repeated several times, until the end of the day's "work." An inspector, high above in his Cessna, informs a colleague on the ground what is going on. If he does not arrive in time to block off the trucks' exit from the site, the stolen sand will find its way on the market.
This is how it works nearly every day. Commercial quantities of sand are being stolen by what the Israel Lands Authority (ILA) is calling "organized sand bandits." These groups are well-known to the authorities. The supervisory branch of the ILA has a list of thieves operating in various regions of the country.
The ILA estimates that around 20 percent of Israel's annual sand usage is supplied by the sand bandits. The stolen sand is earmarked for the construction and paving industries, which together, use some 13 million tons of sand per year. The thieves operating today have developed a well-organized method of operation.
They are well equiped with walkie-talkies and vehicles suited to the terrain. The supervisory branch has recently identified legitimate companies (with the company name embossed on the trucks) from the north of the country, which made the trip to the center of the country in search of free sand.
The fact that the country's legitimate sand reserves for construction are expected to be depleted within a year has opened the market for thieves intent on avoiding taxes. The price of stolen sand is the same as legal sand, say sources at the ILA - a clear profit for the thieves.
The air-borne enforcement activities began a few years ago. The ILA sends out a light plane every few days, with an inspector on board. His task is to locate, among the golden dunes, scrap iron, and piles of garbage, anything that moves. Eagle-eyed, the inspector photographs any vehicle involved in stealing sand. He is contact with an inspector on the ground and can summon the Green Patrol to undertake a chase. All of this activity is designed to make the sand stealers' lives that much harder - but it hasn't managed to put an end to the thievery.
The abandoned sand dunes near Ashkelon may look like a perfect lovers lane to spend some time alone, but beware; the dunes are not as deserted as they appear. Couples may not not be aware of the activity going on just a hundred meters from their romantic spot among the dunes. From his bird's eye view in the Cessna, the inspector can make out more than one interesting activity.
Next to the Ashkelon garbage dump, a truck is waiting beside a pile of garbage. To the untrained eye, it looks like an innocent truck emptying its contents. Nearby is a tractor, a permanent companion in these banditry operations, for loading sand.
Every time the Cessna passes over head, all activity ceases for a few minutes. The thieves know the procedure: they wait for the plane to pass and then check if there are any vehicles approaching the area. The inspector informs his colleague on the ground of the activity, and within seconds another ILA inspector sets off to block the truck's exit.
One way the thieves prevent other vehicles entering the area is to pile mounds of sand on the road leading to site, which gives them more time to escape if necessary.
On one occasion, a supervisor found himself driving toward a tractor that was piling sand onto a truck. The driver of the tractor threatened to dump his shovel-load onto the inspector, while the truck driver used the delay to flee the scene.
Over the past 12 months, the traffic police has joined the fight against the sand bandits.
A few days ago, a traffic police car blocked off the entrance to the sand dunes near Kibbutz Nitzanim for over a week. At a nearby area rich with sand, there were dozens of reported thefts before the police blockade. In the aftermath of the blockade, an ILA plane reported that the area was clear of thieves.
At the North Yavne Industrial Zone, the ILA was forced to replenish the sand supply, after a two-meter deep area was completely cleaned out. The area is a plot of land which the ILA had put on the market. But the replenished sand was then promptly stolen.
The national map of thefts shows that very few incidents have been recorded around Or Akiva, while the Givat Olga area appears to be favorite site for the sand bandits. Rishon Lezion has ceased to be prone to thefts, since the local municipality very strictly enforces the law.
The Palmachim region is still very popular, partly because it is so difficult to police and partly because it is close to the main market in central Israel, thereby reducing transportation costs. At the Shikma Reservoir, the thefts have caused serious damage to the nature reserve and a similar danger exists in Dimona, Ashdod and the Yavne area.
The demand for sand remained unchanged from year to year, but in the last two years a recession in the construction industry has brought about a 10 percent deline in annual demand.
Nonetheless, the procedure to receive official permission to mine for sand is considered long, compared with the demands of the market. This only serves to increase the power of the thieves, creating a situation in which the ILA is not issuing new permits (or renewing old ones) for mining sand, because of instructions from the attorney-general. The activity of "Sol-Nitzan" in the Nitzanim region is being cut back, because of the price war with the sand bandits.
In the areas of Zevulun, Givat Olga, Netanya, and north Ashkelon, the thefts have spread to privately-owned lands. The sand gangs operating from the Ashdod area have become so prosperous that they have started to operate in their own neighborhoods.
Even when the trucks and tractors are caught, the work does not drop. Thieves in these areas work often around the clock.
Veteran sand and gravel miners began operating even before the establishment of the state, starting along the coast and moving eastward.
Now, the attorney-general, the legal advisors at the ministry of national infrastructures, representatives from the ILA, and officials from the interior ministry are working on a new set of rules and regulations for legal sand mining.
Until they reach their agreement, the sand bandits will continue making their living and the sand dunes are, in effect, gold mines.
VI. Outgoing Aid Co-Ordinator Blasts Sanctions
The outgoing co-ordinator of the UN oil-for-food deal in Iraq, Denis
Halliday, has launched a scathing attack on the policy of sanctions,
branding them "a totally bankrupt concept". In his surprise remarks,
Denis Halliday, said his 13-month stint had taught him the "damage and
futility" of sanctions.
"It doesn't impact on governance effectively and instead it damages
the innocent people of the country," he told Reuters news agency.
"It probably strengthens the leadership and further weakens the people
of the country."
Mr Halliday, who has resigned after more than 30 years with the United
Nations, leaves his post in Baghdad on Wednesday. He was co-ordinator of
the programme that allows Iraq to sell limited amounts of oil to buy
food, medicine and other supplies.
He said maintaining the crippling trade embargo imposed on Iraq for
its 1990 invasion of Kuwait was incompatible with the UN charter as well
as UN conventions on human rights and the rights of the child.
But Mr Halliday believed UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan favoured a
fresh look at sanctions as a means of influencing states to change their
policies-in Iraq's case making it scrap its weapons of mass destruction,
and long-range missiles.
"I'm beginning to see a change in the thinking of the United Nations,
the secretary-general, many of the member states, who have realised
through Iraq in particular that sanctions are a failure and the price
you extract for sanctions is unacceptably high." His comments follow
criticism recently by a top UN weapons inspector, Scott Ritter, of the
US and UK for failing to take a tougher line over the inspections.
Mr Halliday said disarmament was a legitimate aim, but took issue
with the "open-ended" and politicised nature of weapons searches in
Iraq. "There is an awful incompatibility here, which I can't quite deal
with myself. I just note that I feel extremely uncomfortable flying the
UN flag, being part of the UN system here," he added.
Mr Halliday said it was correct to draw attention to the "4,000 to
5,000 children dying unnecessarily every month due to the impact of
sanctions because of the breakdown of water and sanitation, inadequate
diet and the bad internal health situation".
But he said sanctions were biting into the fabric of Iraqi society in
other, less visible ways. He cited the disruption of family life caused
by the departure overseas of two to three million Iraqi professionals.
He said sanctions had increased divorces and reduced the number of
marriages because young couples could not afford to wed. "It has also
produced a new level of crime, street children, possibly even an
increase in prostitution," he said.
"This is a town where people used to leave the key in the front door,
leave their cars unlocked, where crime was almost unknown. We have,
through the sanctions, really disrupted this quality of life, the
standard of behaviour that was common in Iraq before." Mr Halliday
argued that the "alienation and isolation of the younger Iraqi
generation of leadership" did not bode well for the future.
He said many senior government figures had been trained in the West
and exposed to the outside world. Their children had stayed at home
through the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war, the 1991 Gulf War and now sanctions.
"They don't have a great deal of exposure to travel, even to reading
materials, television, never mind technological change," he said.
"I think these people are going to have a real problem in terms of
how to deal with the world in the near future." . . .
Laurie Mylroie can be contacted by e-mail on: sam11@erols.com
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Netanyahu - Oslo Bad Deal But Continue, Hints Compromise on Demands
At the end of the day there are two ways to approach this. One is
to say I am not going to make a deal under any circumstances if all
of my conditions are not met and the other is to say that if all of
my conditions are not met then all of their conditions will not be met.
Prime Minister Netanyahu
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At the end of the day there are two ways to approach this. One is
to say I am not going to make a deal under any circumstances if all
of my conditions are not met and the other is to say that if all of
my conditions are not met then all of their conditions will not be
met.
Prime Minister Netanyahu
The following are excerpts from an interview with Prime Minister
Netanyahu in English on September 14 with a small group of
reporters, including IMRA:
IMRA: The actions of compliance which are required of the
Palestinians in return for the Israeli withdrawal are actions which
can later be reversed. The Palestinians can cease arms and then
distribute weapons.
Netanyahu: You are absolutely right. There is no question that
there is an asymmetry between Israel's obligations which, when
fulfilled, are practically in point of fact irreversible and
Palestinian obligations of which virtually all are reversible.
This is part of the flawed deal of Oslo. I never said that the
deal is good. Its not a good deal. I said its the deal we've got.
Other Reporter: Then why not drop it?
Netanyahu: First because we made a commitment to continue the
process and to seek its conclusion. Its conclusion, by the way, is
fulfilling the interim agreement and and negotiating a final
settlement although there is no road map in Oslo to the actual
shape of a final settlement. The Oslo process in its stipulations
leads up to final status negotiations but leaves the outcome open.
It is a big achievement for Israel to have been able to carry out
its obligations but minimize the damage to the country. Obviously
it is a far cry, if it come to pass, from the 90% of Judea and
Samaria that the Palestinians expected to get.
It would be an achievement for Israel to fulfill its commitments
while simultaneously insuring that the Palestinians keep theirs
without having an international breakdown - or for that matter
domestic - breakdown. There has to be also a civil peace among the
majority of the Israeli public. I am not talking about the fringe
of Israeli society that wants to give everything to the
Palestinians and ask nothing for Israel. They are not relevant.
But the vast majority of Israelis want to attempt to have progress
with the Palestinians based of the principle that we have
established: security and reciprocity and minimizing the damage
which is exactly what we are doing. That is on the domestic side.
On the international side, responsible governments had better think
long and hard before they jettison international commitments. Of
course the Palestinians may create such a situation by making such
a grievous violation - for example unilaterally declaring a
Palestinian state - which would be a gross violation of the Oslo
Accords and release us from it and thereby create the grounds for
our taking unilateral action. This is highly inadvisable from
their point of view and they should think long and hard before
nullifying the Oslo Accords in that fashion.
A responsible government seeks to implement agreements and not to
nullify them. Because unilateral and unprovoked nullification of
agreements can lead to equal action on other international
agreements which are of vital importance to the state.
. . . I would like to say that we will achieve all of our demands. I
cannot tell you which is absolutely unconditional and so on. As
far as I am concerned I want to achieve all of them. At the end of
the day there are two ways to approach this. One is to say I am
not going to make a deal under any circumstances if all of my
conditions are not met and the other is to say that if all of my
conditions are not met then all of their conditions will not be met.
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CIA Emerges to Resolve Mideast Disputes
Out of Shadows, Agency Is Directly Involved in Israeli-Palestinian Security Talks
by Vernon Loeb
Washington Post Staff Writer
The CIA has emerged from the shadows of
diplomacy to play a unique, highly visible
role in the Middle East peace process,
mediating disputes between Israeli and
Palestinian security forces and participating
in negotiations over an elusive security
agreement critical to completion of a final
peace accord.
President Clinton and Secretary of State
Madeleine K. Albright made no mention of the
CIA as they met this week at the White House
with Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin
Netanyahu and Palestinian leader Yasser
Arafat and promised to sponsor intensive
talks in Washington next month aimed at
getting the peace process back on track.
But senior U.S. officials turned to the CIA
two years ago to bring Israeli and
Palestinian security forces back to the
negotiating table when the peace process
nearly collapsed, and both sides now want to
keep the CIA playing the role of mediator as
the talks move forward.
CIA Director George J. Tenet has met
one-on-one with Arafat four times in the last
2 1/2 years, officials said. The agency's
station in Tel Aviv has hosted numerous
meetings with Israeli and Palestinian
security officials, and the CIA's station
chief in Tel Aviv -- who once served as the
agency's lobbyist on Capitol Hill -- came
close to hammering out a security agreement
between the parties nine months ago.
"If it had not been for the CIA, you would
have had a virtual collapse in the security
cooperation after the Netanyahu government"
came into power in June 1996, said Anthony H.
Cordesman, a former defense official and
co-director of Middle East Studies at the
Center for Strategic and International
Studies.
"There was simply no alternative," Cordesman
said. "There was no other service the
Israelis would trust at all, and there was no
other service with a record of dealing with
the Palestinians."
With Albright and U.S. Middle East envoy
Dennis Ross headed back to the Middle East
next week for further talks, a State
Department official said the CIA's ongoing
involvement mediating disputes between
Israeli and Palestinian security forces
provides "a way that the United States can
certify that an action is going on or not
going on" when the parties might not accept
each other's word. Arafat met alone with
Clinton at the White House again yesterday
and told reporters afterward that "peace is a
Palestinian need, an Israeli need, an Arab
need, an international need."
An Israeli source added that the CIA's
ongoing counterterrorism efforts in the
region make it uniquely situated to judge
Israeli and Palestinian claims regarding
their arrest, imprisonment and release of
suspected terrorists. "They are involved --
because they are experts," the source said.
CIA officials, clearly uncomfortable with the
agency's high-profile role, will say nothing
about the agency's involvement in the peace
process, even though its role has become an
open secret in the Israeli and Arabic press.
Newspapers and magazines in Israel and the
West Bank routinely report on the comings and
goings of security officials from meetings
with the CIA station chief. Earlier this
month, Israeli Army radio reported that the
CIA would be opening branches at Palestinian
military bases throughout the West Bank and
Gaza Strip. Two years ago, an Arabic news
magazine based in Paris, Al-Watan Al-Arabi,
first disclosed that the CIA was training
Palestinian security forces in the United
States.
Intelligence analysts and former CIA
officials said the agency's high-profile
involvement in what are probably the most
closely watched negotiations in the world is
unprecedented. But there is sharp
disagreement in intelligence circles about
the wisdom of such open involvement in policy
matters that go way beyond traditional
intelligence gathering and analysis.
"Obviously, this is a much more public mode
than any secret intelligence agency is
accustomed to," said Yossi Alpher, a former
Israeli intelligence official who now heads
the American Jewish Committee's office in
Jerusalem. "It's good for the process in the
sense that this is an ailing process. What
the U.S. can do is limited -- it can try to
keep this process alive."
But Robert B. Satloff, executive director of
the Washington Institute for Near East
Studies, disagreed. "It dilutes the mission,
it seems to me, when the intelligence
agencies are responsible essentially for
political judgments about one side or the
other's commitment to security," Satloff
said.
Melvin A. Goodman, a former CIA senior
analyst and who now teaches International
Security at the National War College, said
that "the agency should not be so publicly
involved in policy, particularly in such a
prominent arena."
Following its earlier involvement training
Palestinian security forces at a counterintelligence center in Jericho and in the United States, the CIA took on a greater role in the peace process in early 1996, after the Gassem military wing of Hamas carried out four suicide bombings in Israel, killing 61 people.
Tenet, then the agency's deputy director, and
other CIA officials met with Arafat at the
Erez border crossing between Israel and the
Gaza Strip in March 1996 and urged him to
arrest five Islamic militants believed to
have been behind the bombings.
When Clinton left several days later to
attend a U.S.-sponsored, anti-terrorism
summit in Sharm el Sheik, Egypt, aimed at
bolstering the flagging Middle East peace
process, he took then-CIA Director John M.
Deutch with him.
But it was not until fall 1996, when
Netanyahu opened a tunnel near the Temple
Mount in Jerusalem, setting off violent
confrontations between Palestinian police and
Israeli soldiers, and plunging the peace
process into turmoil, that the CIA first
started playing a mediating role between the
Palestinians and the Israelis, according to
Alpher and Satloff.
"At that moment of despair," Satloff said,
"the American intelligence organization
became the communications link between the
two sides."
By August 1997, senior American officials had
publicly announced that the United States
would participate directly in all future
security discussions, with the CIA station
chief and other intelligence officials
mediating disputes and offering advice. The
announcement, according to one intelligence
official, caused considerable anguish at CIA
headquarters.
But the agency's loathing of public attention
didn't stop its station chief in Tel Aviv
from producing a draft security agreement in
December that was initialed by top Israeli
and Palestinian security officials, although
Netanyahu ultimately rejected it.
Among others things, the 16-paragraph
document called for the CIA to arbitrate
disputes between the two sides, and it
established a three-member committee to
oversee its implementation to include
Israeli, Palestinian and CIA representatives.
When Arafat returned to Washington in January
for more talks aimed at restarting the peace
process, CIA Director Tenet slipped into the
ANA Hotel's secure ninth floor for a
one-on-one meeting with the Palestinian
leader.
The agency's direct involvement in the
process may not have produced a breakthrough.
But the CIA's mere presence was having an
effect in the region. Beyond provoking
condemnation by Iran radio and numerous other
media outlets throughout the Arabic world,
the CIA's involvement with Israeli and
Palestinian leaders earned a backhanded
tribute from Ibrahim Ghawshah, Hamas's
spokesman.
In an interview in March, Ghawshah told Amman
al-Sabil, an Arabic newspaper that circulates
on the West Bank and in Gaza Strip, that
"military operations" against Israel have
"become difficult" because of security
cooperation between Arafat's Palestinian
Authority and Israel "especially after the
CIA joined in this coordination . . . the CIA
is working day and night."
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Hebron: A Peace With No Losers?
by David Ramati
Hebcom Middle East Bureau
The cycle of violence continues in Hebron.
On one side, the Jewish residents are calling for a voiding of the Oslo
process and a return of Hebron under total IDF control.
On the other side, the Palestinians are calling for a complete evacuation
of all Jews from Hebron.
Neither solution is viable.
What can be done is to stop de-legitimizing both the Palestinians and Jews
of Hebron. Both sides have a right to be there.
Hebron, according to both the Jewish and Palestinian definition, includes
the neighborhoods of Kiriat Arba, Harsina (Givat Mamre), Givat Avot, and
Ashmorot Isaac. We have, statically, a total population of around 8,000 men, women, and children.
Greater Hebron has between 80,000 and 120,000 Palestinians, depending on
which census you use. An average estimate would be around 100,000 Palestinians.
This puts the total Jewish population of Hebron at around 8%. This is not
merely a few fanatic settlers, but a minority population . . . a vibrant,
living Jewish Community, which must be dealt with, as must all
minorities -- with compassion, justice, and guaranteed civil, and human rights under law.
Until now, the situation was viewed in terms of resistance to an occupying
army and its surrogate presence -- the settlers. With the advent of
Palestinian autonomy and the likelihood of a Palestinian State, the armed
struggle now ends and the political one begins. In the new political
struggle, the Jews of Hebron find themselves in the same situation as any
minority. No longer enjoying the full protection of the IDF, they will be
forced to deal with continuing to live in the city of their Father's under
a new set of rules. The new rules will include reaching out to their
Palestinian neighbors in an attempt at finding a compromise which will
allow both Jew and Palestinian to share this holy city without bloodshed.
Neither side will oblige the other by ceasing to exist. Both sides are
strong in their convictions that Hebron is theirs. Both sides enjoy the
backing of military force -- the IDF supporting the settlers and the PA Police
supporting the Palestinians.
Whether or not the sides like it, a stalemate is rapidly becoming fact of
life in the city.
If Hebron is to maintain its special identity, then the World Community
must encourage the Palestinians to accept the fact that a Hebron Jewish
Community with unbreakable ties to the State of Israel is a Fact.
The World Jewish Community, on the other hand, must convince the Jews of
Israel and of Hebron to be more flexible in their dealings with the
Palestinian population, and convince them to make a real effort at
coexistence.
Until and unless a Peace with no Losers becomes a fact in Hebron, it is
senseless to discuss solutions for Jerusalem.
Hebcom Middle East Bureau
Analysis, Commentary, Information
Insight into the Middle East by the People who live there
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